parliamentary republic
First colonized by the Spanish, Trinidad and Tobago came under British control in the early 19th century. The emancipation of enslaved people in 1834 disrupted the twin islands' sugar industry. Contract workers arriving from India between 1845 and 1917 augmented the labor force, which boosted sugar production as well as the cocoa industry.
Christine Kangaloo
Since 2023
Kamla Persad-Bissessar
Since 2025
1.4M
$43B